The primary functions of a theodolite are angle measurement and spatial positioning, making it an indispensable tool in basic surveying and engineering surveying.
It can measure horizontal and vertical angles. By aiming at a target point through the telescope, horizontal rotation measures the horizontal angle, and vertical rotation measures the elevation angle, thus obtaining the target's directional information in space. This is the most basic measurement function of a theodolite.
It can assist in determining the plane coordinates and elevation of points. Using the coordinates of known base points or control points, combined with angle measurement results, and through the principles of trigonometric leveling or plane coordinate calculation, the precise location of a target point can be determined, enabling surveying and setting out, building positioning, or topographic mapping.
Modern electronic theodolites or total stations also have data recording, digital display, and calculation functions. They can automatically store angle data, output coordinate results, and support connection with computers or surveying software, improving measurement efficiency and data processing accuracy.
